Doctors experience trauma to their hearts and stress to their souls by Edwin Leap, MD

I was talking to some new friends over lunch recently, at the nationally renowned Hominy Cafe, in Charleston, SC. Any place with a Fried Green Tomato BLT, and Shrimp and Grits for breakfast, has my vote!
To the point: my question to these esteemed emergency medicine educators was this: “Do you ever have irrational fears about the people you love, because of what you do?”
The answer was a resounding “absolutely!”
Like me, they worried when ambulances were dispatched while their children were out with friends. They worried when their spouses drove in heavy traffic. The list went on. And I shook my head in agreement.
I had been contemplating this question for quite a long time. What are the consequences of years in the emergency department? Sure, I know: the consequences are anger, bitterness, frustration, distrust, cynicism. Balanced, fortunately, by compassion, perspective, appreciation for life’s gifts, love of common people and the ability to hang out with heavily tattooed bikers, drunks and former felons without feeling the least bit uncomfortable.
But what I mean is this: what emotional, psychiatric consequences are there? What scars do we carry deep inside? I don’t think we acknowledge this; we certainly don’t address it. But the truth is, our specialty takes us into the heart of terror, into the midst of the worst situations humans can experience. All roads, as we know, lead to the emergency room.
The abused child, the raped woman, the burnt workman, the assaulted senior citizen, the addicted teen, the mother dead by suicide. The new diagnosis of cancer the new diagnosis of HIV or Hepatitis. We see the schizophrenic young man who wanders away, we see the demented husband of 50 years who cannot recognize the love of his life.
We tell loved ones that their dearest is dead. We listen as families wail, and collapse onto the ground in the emotional equivalent of a hurricane, suddenly thrust from normalcy and hope to terrible brokenness and stunning loss.
It’s a common fact of the job. We talk about it a little. We teach students and residents how to break bad news. And we tell them the primacy of their own relationships, and explain the perils of using drugs or alcohol to cope. And then we send them off the way we were sent off; like lambs before lions, to face a life of emotional maelstroms.
I wonder, often, how common PTSD is among our population. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is in the news a lot. We associated with terrible trauma, with death and the threat of death, with disaster, with terrorism and combat. We shake our heads in sympathy with the young man or woman, shaken by tours of duty in Iraq or Afghanistan, whether or not they actually pulled triggers or even saw death. Their very proximity to those things is sufficient to win our appropriate concern.
And yet. And yet … Day after day, night after night we go into a workplace where we have no control over who or what comes through the door. And we have no way to predict what we might see. Certainly, we might spend a shift in utter boredom (hey, it could happen!). Or we may see something so horrible that it changes us forever. We may leave having been stained with the blood of a police-officer, coughed on by a patient with tuberculosis, or tearful from giving terrible news to someone we knew.
Furthermore, we go back to the same rooms where we saw death, the same floors that were littered with dressings and body fluids, the same conference rooms where we delivered the terrible news.
And we do it for years. Decade after decade we accumulate stories and experiences which, taken singly, would send the average citizen screaming to their counselor or psychiatrist…and not without reason.
But we? We are rich doctors. We are the educated. We are expected to do it, to show up the next day after the horror of the day before. We are not excused because of the terrible things we endure, but instead wear them as a tragic badge of honor, even as we die a little inside from fear, from worry, from taking all of those things and imagining how they might appear in our own lives, or in the lives of our families. From the fear that we will make a mistake in the midst of chaos, and add to the sum-total of pain in the world.
I don’t know how many of us meet the strict criteria of PTSD. But we experience trauma to to our hearts and stress to our souls. If you have ever wondered about this, on the drive home, or in the hours before work. If you have ever contemplated it in the night between patients, in the fog of exhaustion, or decompressed from it on the beach with your family, then you aren’t alone.
I’m writing to say that your fears, your terrors, are common to all of us who serve our tours in the emergency department. And you are allowed to be shaken by them, to be wounded by them.
I hope you will not let them shape you, or break you. But I fear that much of what we call burnout, much of our “bitterness” or “anger,” or “bad attitudes” are simply our attempt to express acceptable emotions over the hard things we see, do and remember ever after. Because for some reason, we are not supposed to be affected no matter how much misery crashes on our lives like tsunamis.
It’s high time our colleagues, our employers, our friends and educators and even our politicians recognized that money, education and title don’t ease the pain, and the fear, that is inherent in our work.
Perhaps, however, the most important step in healing would be for us all to admit to ourselves that it’s a hard job, and that the consequences to our lives run deeper than circadian problems and contract negotiations.
And that even healers, like us, have wounds too deep to fully understand.

What is the question that will change your day?

The other night working in the Emergency Department I was dog tired as I picked up a chart of a patient to see.  After I obtained the pertinent medical information from this patient, I then asked my 94 year old patient, “Where were you during world war 2?”

He proceeded to share a little known story about his time working with General Patton.  The patient told me that even his own grandkids don’t ask nor seem interested in his life experiences.  It was an interesting and amazing patient interaction.  I left that conversation so energized that the last 2 hours of my shift flew by.

Reflecting on this event, reminds me of the power of our ability to choose what perspective we will be in and what powerful question we can ask of ourselves and others.  Perspective: It is amazing to me how quickly I can shift from ‘dog tired’ perspective to ‘wow what an incredible patient and story’ perspective–shifting from falling asleep to being fully awake–better than any cup of caffeine!  Question: It is fun and shocking the power of a question to shift our thoughts and energy levels.  I recently asked at a dinner party: What do you crave?  This one question made for a deep and meaningful and laughter filled discussion.

What is the question that you could ask at work and at home that would energize or change your day for the better?

 

Narrative Medicine Helps Physicians Hear Patients’ Deeper Concerns

by Debra Beaulieu

The importance of strong physician-patient communication has been well documented, as have the challenges. But a new tool, called narrative medicine, may offer a way for physicians to better connect to their patients by changing the way they listen to their stories.

“What patients complain about the most is, ‘My doctor doesn’t listen to me,’ or ‘I feel like I’m alone in my illness,'” Rita Charon, executive director of the Columbia University Medical Center’s narrative medicine program in New York City, told HealthDay News. “Narrative medicine is a way for people who take care of sick persons to hear what they say, to understand their concerns, to enter the world of the patients, so as to know what can be done in their care,” she said.

An example of narrative medicine comes from a pediatrician who saw a young boy in her office for a cut on his hand that didn’t appear on the surface to require medical intervention. But having recently attended a training session in narrative medicine, the doctor asked the boy’s mother as to whether there was anything else she wanted to say about the scissors the boy had cut himself with. It turned out that a boarder renting a room in the family’s home who was HIV positive had previously cut himself with the scissors, and the mother was worried her son could have been exposed to the virus.

The idea of narrative medicine is beginning to catch on among practicing physicians. Paul Gross, a physician in the family and social medicine department at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City has worked to help physicians share stories similar to the scenario above through a weekly online magazine called Pulse–Voices from the heart of medicine. Similarly, Columbia University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons Program in Narrative Medicine aims to help doctors, nurses, social workers and therapists to improve the effectiveness of care by developing the capacity for attention, reflection, representation and affiliation with patients and colleagues, Kansas City Public Media reported.

The Gecko & The Geek

Our brain is often at war with itself.  The primitive emotional centers (The Gecko) vs. the advanced intellectual centers (The Geek). The Gecko gets us in trouble because it’s only capacity is to react whereas the Geek thinks, then reacts.

The Geko takes over when we are feeling stressed or out of control, and it reacts with fight or flight.  Unfortunately, This does not happen consciously, and The Gecko causes us not to think straight, react instead of act, fight first ask questions later, and put our foot in our mouth.  When stresses pile up and we feel out of control, the Gecko shows up, and we become less productive, effective, and lose our decision-making abilities.  In fact, scientific studies have shown that when we experience too much stress and overwhelm, our performance tanks.  Stressful things like financial loss are actually processed in the same area of the brain that responds to mortal danger aka The Gecko area.  We have all learned often the hard way that we make horrible decisions when we are under financial stress or any type of stress.

 

How can we be more Geek and less Gecko?

  1. Self-awareness.  Studies show that when you put people under high levels of stress, those who are quickest to recover are those who can identify how they are feeling and express their feelings into words.  Scientists, using brain scans, confirm that people who talk about and/or write about their feelings at the time they are experiencing negative emotions immediately over come these negative thoughts and feelings which improves their well-being and enhances their decision making skills.
  2. Make 2 lists: things you have control over and things that you don’t.  Burn the list that you have no control over–they are out of your control! And focus on the areas that you have control over.  So no news is good news after all.  I have made it a habit of not reading the newspaper and watching the news on TV because it only stresses me out.  Now I know why it stresses me out, and why it has been scientifically shown to be counterproductive.  It fills my brain with things that I have no control over allowing my Gecko to run wild.  So maybe we should change the phrase “G.I.G.O” from Garbage In Garbage Out to Garbage In Gecko Out.

The #1 Way to Show Your Patients that You Care: Acknowledgment

“All the tests are back, and their is nothing wrong with your daughter.”  For years, I would step into a patients room and annouce the good news that there was “nothing wrong with you” thinking that the patient would be so releaved.  I was reminded of the impact of such a statment at work recently.  A physician had brought her daughter in to the Emergency Department for abdominal pain, and at the end of the visit, the nurse went into the room announcing to the physician that there was nothing wrong with her daugher.  The physician became very upset stating, “I would never bring my daughter into the Emergency Room if there was nothing wrong with her!”  With some ‘service recovery’, I was able to calm this physician mom.  But I was reminded again of how the “there is nothing wrong with you” statement must land with my patients.  For the last several years, I have changed my phrasing.  I now acknowledge that clearly there is something wrong but that our technology can’t find out what exactly is causing the pain.  This simple shift of phrase acknowledges and confirms our patients pain, suffering, and anxiety.  It is not about working harder or even spending more time.  It is working smarter and making the time really count by asking the right questions, saying the right things, and developing your presence (more to follow).

What Are Our BEST Moments?

The high energy cases.  The patients that take up all the time, effort, AND ENERGY always seem to be the ones that create the most discussion and stress among us (doctors, nurses, etc.).  We always raise such a fuss and express so much frustration, anxiety, and stress when the ‘difficult’ patient arrives.  You know the ones: too much alcohol, too much craziness, too much neediness…  When these ‘difficult’ patients are not around everything moves smoothly.  We are in autopilot.  Isn’t ironic that the ‘difficult’ patients and situations at work turn up the energy?  From mundane to stresssss!  But these are the patients and situations that generate all our energy, all of our discussions.  When our loved ones ask about work, we share with them about the high energy moments.  These ‘difficult’ patients and moments are often the only thing(s) we remember about the day.

Contrary to what we usually believe–the passive, relaxing times are the best moments of our lives.  What if our best moments are occurring right before our eyes when our bodies and minds are stretched to the limits in our efforts to deal with these ‘difficult’ patients, people, and situations (This is what Professor Csikszentmihalyi points out in his landmark book: Flow).  What if the ‘difficult’ is really the technicolor of our lives?  If you are like me, I am thinking that these difficult times are the worst times, filled with negative energy, negative feelings, etc.  BUT I am working to change my perspective on this.  As I become more aware of these ‘difficult’ moments, I am able to embrace them, explore them, feel them…because in the end, they may actually be the best or at least the most memorable moments of our lives so let’s look at them for just that…technicolor, heart racing, fully alive, high energy moments…